Although social protection has become an important part of development discourse on national and international levels there is still little literature and research linking migration or mobility to social protection framework. The link between social protection and migration is twofold:

-     migration can be a social protection measure as a response of a household to low income or risk (migration as a social protection strategy);

-     migration creates social protection needs for those who migrate and for those who are left in the countries of origin (migration as leading to vulnerabilities that require specific social protection measures).

Both approaches will be covered during the course. In the first part of the course basic concepts related to migration will be presented. Specifically the distinction between migration and mobility will be discussed extensively. Additionally, most important migration systems will be presented to give an overview of contemporary migration processes. In the second part, the emphasis will be put on the causal factors of international mobility (migration as a social protection strategy). Different approaches will be presented and discussed extensively (economic, sociological and political one) which attempt to explain migratory behaviour on various levels of aggregation. Special attention will be paid to economic approaches, as they are the most advanced and influential among contemporary migration theories. In the next part, the effects of migration will be a subject of interest. On one hand a link between mobility and development will be analysed, i.e. a question on the importance of migration for sending communities, regions and countries will be asked (with a special emphasis on the brain drain / brain gain debate). Next, selected issues related to the presence of immigrants in receiving societies will be covered, particularly the economic integration of immigrants, including position on the labour market and its determinants. The final part will be devoted to the immigration in the context of social protection framework. Here attention should be paid to such issues as impact of immigration on demographic structures (population ageing), participation of immigrants in the social security system (and their role in contemporary welfare state) as well as the so-called “dual crisis” of the welfare state and the nation.

Literature
Basic:

• Hammar, T., Brochmann, G., Tamas, K., Faist, T. (ed.) (2001). International Migration, Immobility and Development. Multidisciplinary Perspectives, Oxford: Berg
• Castles, S., Miller, M.J. (2003). The age of migration: international population movements in the modern world, Basingstoke: Palgrave-MacMillan.
• Massey, D. (1999). Why Does Migration Occur? A Theoretical Synthesis, in: Hirschman, Ch., Kasinitz, P., DeWind, J. (ed.), The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience, New York: Russell Sage Foundation
• Massey, D., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., Taylor, E. (1999). Worlds in Motion. Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Piore, M.J. (1986). The Shifting Grounds for Immigration, The Annals of the American Academy 485.
• Schierup, C.-U., Hansen, P., Castles, S. (2006). Migration, Citizenship, and the European Welfare State. An European Dilemma, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Stark, O., Bloom, D.E. (1985). The new economics of labor migration, American Economic Review 75.

Additional:

• Beine, M., Docquier, F., and H. Rapoport (2001). Brain drain and economic growth: theory and evidence, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 64, No. 1.

• Borjas G. (1999). Immigration and Welfare Magnets, Journal of Labor Economics 17 (4).

• Borjas, G. (1994). The Economics of Migration, Journal of Economic Literature 32.

• DeVoretz, D. (2006). Immigration Policy: Methods of Economic Assessment, International Migration Review 40(2) (also: http://ftp.iza.org/dp1217.pdf).

• Guilmoto, Ch., Sandron, F. (2001). The Internal Dynamics of Migration Networks in Developing Countries, Population: An English Selection 13.

• Kurthen, H. (1997). Immigration and the Welfare State in Comparison: Differences in the Incorporation of Immigrant Minorities in Germany and the United States, International Migration Review 31(3).

• Piore, M.J. (1979). Birds of Passage. Migrant Labor and Industrial Societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

• Portes, A. (ed.) (1995). The Economic Sociology of Immigration. Essays on Networks, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

• Portes, A. (1997). Immigration Theory for a New Century: Some Problems and Opportunities, International Migration Review 120.

• Stark, O. (1991). The Migration of Labour, Cambridge: Basil Blackwell.

• Stark, O. (2004). Rethinking the Brain Drain. World Development, Vol. 32, 1.

• Wallerstein, I. (1997). The capitalist world–economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.